Understanding Energy Units

In Australia, food energy is officially measured in kilojoules (kJ). The calorie (kcal) is also widely used informally. The conversion is: 1 kcal ≈ 4.184 kJ. Food labels in Australia display energy in kJ, often with kcal in parentheses.

Daily energy requirements vary considerably depending on age, sex, body composition, activity level and metabolic factors. The figures below are general population estimates and should not replace individualised advice from a dietitian.

Estimated Daily Energy Requirements (Adults)

Source: National Health and Medical Research Council, Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand.

GroupSedentary (kJ/day)Moderately Active (kJ/day)Very Active (kJ/day)
Men 19–30 years~10 000~11 500~13 500
Men 31–50 years~9 500~11 000~13 000
Men 51–70 years~8 800~10 200~12 000
Women 19–30 years~8 000~9 200~10 800
Women 31–50 years~7 600~8 800~10 400
Women 51–70 years~7 200~8 400~9 800

These are approximate averages. Individual requirements can differ substantially.

Energy Content of Common Foods

The table below provides approximate kilojoule values for common food items. Actual values depend on preparation method, portion size and specific product.

Food ItemTypical ServeEnergy (kJ)Energy (kcal)
Chicken breast (grilled, skinless)150 g~920~220
Brown rice (cooked)150 g~710~170
Broccoli (steamed)100 g~140~34
Banana1 medium (~120 g)~440~105
Full-cream milk250 ml~690~165
Whole-grain bread1 slice (~40 g)~400~95
Egg (boiled)1 large (~50 g)~310~74
Avocado½ medium (~80 g)~670~160
Salmon fillet (baked)150 g~1 300~310
Almonds30 g (~20 almonds)~730~175

Key Considerations

Calorie and energy information is approximate and intended for general reference only. It does not constitute dietary advice. Consult a healthcare professional for personalised guidance.